Health and Sanitation Practices and Academic Performance of Grade VI Pupils

The provision of health hygiene is an important development intervention - without it, ill health dominates a life without dignity. Access to bus sanitation enhances health, welfare, and economic productivity. Inadequate sanitation affects individuals, families, communities, and countries. Despite its importance, real gains in sanitation coverage have been slow to achieve. Achieving internationally agreed goals for sanitation and hygiene is a significant challenge for the global community and can only be met when action is taken. Low cost, suitable technologies are available. Effective program management approaches have been developed. The political will and concrete actions by all stakeholders can improve the lives of millions in the immediate future.

About 40 percent of the world's population (2.4 billion) does not have access to hygienic means of personal hygiene. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.8 million people die of diarrhea every year, 200 million people are infected with schistosomiasis, and more than 1 billion people suffer from soil-infected Helminthic infection. A special session on children of the United Nations General Assembly (2002) stated that about 5,500 children die daily from diseases caused by contaminated food and water due to the malpractices of health and hygiene.

Increased access to sanitation and improvement in hygienic behavior is the key to reducing the burden of this massive disease. In addition, such changes will increase school attendance, especially for girls, and help school children learn better. They can also have a major impact on the economies of many countries - on the rich and poor - and on the empowerment of women. Most of these benefits will accrue in developing countries.

The global community has set ambitious goals to improve access to sanitation by 2015. Achieving these goals will have a dramatic impact on the lives of millions of poor people in the world and will open the doors for further economic development for tens of thousands of communities. Access to adequate sanitation literally means crossing the most important barrier of life, dignity, and basic needs.

The study determined the health and hygiene practices of pupils of Grade VI in selected public schools in Didi District of Nueva Vijkaya Province, Philippines. This research undertaking used the descriptive correlation method of research to establish the effect of profile variables on the relationship between health and hygiene practices with respondents' health practices, hygiene practices, and their educational performance. The important findings of the study are the following:

Twenty-five or 37.31 percent of respondents are 12 years old; 41 or 61.19 percent are women; 47 or 70.14 percent are Roman Catholics; 22 or 32.84 percent are Ilocano; 20 or 20.89 of the respondents' fathers reached the primary school level; 21 or 31.34 percent of their mothers are college graduates; His father is 50 or 74.63 percent farmers; 38 or 56.72 percent are housekeepers; 34 or 50.75 percent have a family income of 5,000.00 and below; 38 or 56.72 percent have 4 to 6 family members; 36 or 53.73 percent have 2 sanitation facilities; And in 5 or 42.94, 5 immunizations were found.

Health practices at the school achieved a grand mean of 3.89; 3.90 for health practices in the home; And 3.62 for health practices in the community, all described as qualitatively very satisfactory. Respondents considered their hygiene practices at school with grand means very satisfactory in 3.44; Also very satisfactory for home hygiene practices with 3.55; And again, 3.26 with grand means is very satisfactory for hygiene practices in the community.

Respondents' perceived health practices at home vary greatly when they calculate the father's educational attainment, mother's educational attainment, father's occupation, mother's occupation, family's monthly income, type of living, and the number of sanitation facilities is. The results of the t-test and the f-test are 2.39, 2.64, 3.19, 3.28, 2.93, 3.18, and 3.19 respectively which is higher than the critical value at the 0.05 level of significance. On the other hand, age, gender, mother's educational attainment, mother's occupation, type of living, and a number of sanitation facilities led to significant differences in respondents' perceived health practices at school, as calculated by the t-test and F Is shown by Test results of 3.15, 2.03, 2.39, 3.18, 3.16, and 3.74, respectively; All significant values ​​are higher at the 0.05 level of significance. Significant differences in the health practices of the respondents in the community were also noted when they were ranked by ethnicity, father's educational attainment, mother's educational attainment, father's occupation, mother's occupation, family monthly income, number of sanitation facilities and number of vaccinations Were classified according to. Because the calculated t-test and f-test results are 2.76, 2.37, 2.41, 3.148, 3.16, 2.79, 3.26, and 3.17, respectively, the critical values ​​are significant at the level of 0.05.

When there are significant differences in hygiene practices in the group according to gender, ethnicity, father's educational attainment, mother's educational attainment, family monthly income, type of housing, and a number of sanitation facilities in the household, as the calculated value.05, The results of the t-test and f-test of 2.79, 2.37, 2.51, 2.78, 3.29, and 3.16 exceeded critical values ​​of 0.05, respectively. In addition, gender, ethnicity, father's educational attainment, mother's educational attainment, family monthly income, and a number of hygiene practices significantly differed in respondent hygiene practices at school, as in 2.15, 2.81, 2.42, 2.42, 2.87. The calculation is evident from the values. 2.83, and 3.79 respectively; All also exceeded critical values ​​of 0.05. On the other hand, respondents' perceptions of their hygiene practices in the community differ when they are grouped according to gender, father's educational attainment, mother's educational attainment, father's occupation, mother's occupation, family monthly income And the number of sanitation facilities since compiled t. The -test and F-test results of 2.06, 2.37, 2.41, 3.41, 3.17, 3.148, 2.78, and 3.25, respectively, exceeded the significant values ​​at the 0.05 level of significance.

A significant difference exists in respondents' academic achievements when grouped by gender, as indicated by a calculated value of 2.27, which is higher than 1.99 critical values. Father's and mother's educational calculations respectively.2. With the compiled values ​​of 2.7 and 2.6, they are higher than the critical value of 2.37 cup, and they occupy with 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, both of which have significant values ​​of 3.142. Values ​​are different. Educational performance of the respondents. The monthly income of the family and the number of immunizations received, with calculated values ​​of 2.86 and 3.19, which exceeded the critical values ​​of 2.754 and 3.142, respectively, significantly differentiated the academic performance of the respondents. The rest of the variables - age, religion, ethnicity, number of family members, type of living, and number of sanitation facilities - do not differ significantly as 2.94, 1.86, 2.71, 2.89, 1.97, and 3.08 are calculated. Were less than the critical values ​​of the significance of 0.05, respectively.

There is a very significant correlation between health practices and hygiene practices as is evident from the calculative R-value of 0.72 that exceeds the critical value of 0.241 for 65 degrees of freedom at the level of 0.05, reflecting the higher correlation of determination With a coefficient of 51.84 percent.

Very little positive correlation exists between health practices and educational performance, as indicated by a calculative r-value of 0.238 with an equivalent t-value of 2.198, which exceeds the critical t-value of 1.99 for 65 degrees of freedom. is. 0.05 level of significance. The above correlation is important. In addition, there are small positive relationships in hygiene practices and academic performance, as is evident from a calculated R-value of 0.226 with a calculated t-value equal to 2.07 for 65 degrees of freedom at the level of 0.05 Higher than the critical T-value of 1.99. Of importance. This result is estimated as statistically significant.

Based on the foregoing important findings, here are the findings.

1. Respondents are in their pre-teens, women, Roman Catholics, Ilocheno, fathers who have reached the primary level, mothers who are college graduates, fathers, farmers who are farmers, housewives, low income. Has medium-sized families, solid housing, limited sanitation facilities, and adequate immunization.

2. Respondents have very satisfactory health practices at home, at school and in the community as well. The same group of respondents have very satisfactory hygiene practices at home, at school, and satisfactory hygiene practices in the community.

3. Respondents have proficient academic performance.

4. The Health and hygiene practices of the respondents differ when they are classified according to the selected profile variables.

5. Respondents' educational performance varies when they are grouped according to gender, parental occupation, family income, and number of vaccinations received, but age, ethnicity, number of family members, residence Not with type and number of sanitation facilities.

6. Very important relationships exist between the health practices and hygiene practices of the respondents.

7. There is a very significant relationship between the health and hygiene practices of the respondents and their educational performance.

Based on the above-mentioned findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are presented:

1. Although the respondents have demonstrated very satisfactory health and hygiene practices, these should be enhanced and maintained by implementing various health and hygiene programs.

2. The school, as the lead agency, should step up its efforts with other government agencies such as DOH, DSWD, DENR, LGU, and non-governmental sectors for the sustainability of health and hygiene programs.

3. Activities designed for the sustainability of health and hygiene should be designed/conceptualized, such as healthy pupils, conducting searches for most sanitary classrooms/schools, and expanding it to home and community.

4. The plan to have a teacher-coordinator for each priest should be strengthened so that health and hygiene treatment can be improved and maintained.

5. Since there is a significant relationship between health and hygiene practices and students' educational performance, schools should make provision of health and hygiene facilities to remind students of their health and hygiene practices.

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